Pazhouheshname Quran va Hadith
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علل و آثار تحریف در احادیث تاریخ و سیره از نگاه علامه عسکری
The Causes and Effects of Distortion in Hadiths of History and Biography from ʿAllāmeh Askarī's point of view
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<i><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">از جمله حدیثپژوهان معاصر که با درک اهمیت پاکسازی احادیث تاریخی و سیره؛ پای به عرصه پژوهش در این زمینه نهاد، «علامه سید مرتضی عسکری » است. وی در تألیفاتی که احادیث سیره و تاریخ را مورد نقد سندی و متنی قرار داده است، علاوه بر شناسایی و اصلاح احادیث تحریفشده؛ علل و آثار حاصل از این آسیب را ردیابی مینماید. عوامل تاثیرگذاری که او برشمرده را میتوان به دو دسته سهوی و عمدی تقسیم کرد. علل سهوی عبارتند از؛ «اشتباه نویسندگان»، «تحریف سیره نبوی در پی اجتهادات خلفا در شرعیّات» و «تحریف قهری تاریخی». علل عمدی مواردی چون «تعصبات قبیلهای»، «انگیزه مادی»، «میل به تفسیر به رأی روایات نبوی و آیات الهی»، «حسادت نسبت به حضرت علی</span></span></span><span style="font-size:7.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Roumouz">%</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:"> و حذف وصایت او»، «تخریب چهره اسلام»، «همگامی با فرهیختگان عصر صدور»، «همگامی با عیاشان زمانه و پسند جمهور مردم» و «اسلامبراندازی معاویه» میباشند. در نگاه علامه؛ تحریف اخبار، عواقب ویرانگری چون؛ «تحریف تاریخ واقعی اسلام»، «تثبیت سنّت خلفا»، «تضعیف شخصیّت پیامبر</span></span></span><span style="font-size:7.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Roumouz">$</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">»، «ورود آگاهانه اخبار محرَّفه در مصادر تاریخی متقدم»، «ضعف اعتبار مصادر متقدم اسلامی»، «سوءاستفاده خاورشناسان» و «عدم شناخت صحیح اسلام» را موجب گردیده است.</span></span></span></i>
<i><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">One of the contemporary hadith scholars, who realized the importance of purifying the historical hadiths and the</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> biography</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">, who researched in this field, is </span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Courier New"">ʿ</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">All</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">meh Seyed Mortez</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> Askar</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ī</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">.</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">In addition to identifying and correcting the distorted hadiths, he traces the causes and effects of this damage in the works that have subjected the hadiths of biography and history to documentary and textual criticism.</span></span></span> <span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The influential factors that he listed can be divided into two categories: Accidental and intentional. The causes of inadvertence are: "mistake of the authors", "distortion of the Prophet's life following the ijtih</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ds of the caliphs in the Shar</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ī</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Courier New"">ʿ</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ah" and "forced historical distortion". Intentional causes include such things as: "tribal prejudices", "material motivation", "the desire to interpret according to self-opinion of prophetic traditions and divine verses", "jealousy towards Im</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">m Ali (as) and removing his caliphate", "destroying the face of Islam", "keeping up with the intellectuals of the revelation era", "Keeping up with the luxurious people of the time and favorite of the public" and "overthrow of Islam by Mu</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">w</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ī</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">yah". In </span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Courier New"">ʿ</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">All</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">ā</span></span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">meh's view, distortion of narratives has devastating consequences, consequences such as: "Distortion of the real history of Islam", "fixing the Sunnah of the Caliphs", "weakening the personality of the Prophet (pbuh)", "deliberate inclusion of distorted narratives in ancient historical sources", "weakness of credibility of early Islamic sources", "abuse of orientalists" and "lack of proper knowledge of Islam".</span></span></span></i>
تحریف, علل, آثار, احادیث تاریخ و سیره, علامه عسکری
Distortion, Causes, Works, Hadiths of history and biography, ʿAllāmeh Askarī.
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http://pnmag.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-142&slc_lang=other&sid=1
Majid
Maaref
مجید
معارف
maaref@ut.ac.ir
10031947532846003646
10031947532846003646
Yes
Maryam
Eghbalian
مریم
اقبالیان
eghbalian_m@yahoo.com
10031947532846003647
10031947532846003647
No